Cystoscopy in the veterinary field is a minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure used to examine the inside of the vagina and urethra. This technique involves the use of a cystoscope, a thin, flexible or rigid instrument equipped with a camera and light source, to visualize the urinary tract. Benefits are allowing a detailed view of the urinary tract, sample (biopsy) collection, and it is minimally invasive compared to open surgery and allows for targeted diagnostics and treatments.